Civil Law and Civil Code

Civil law governs the law of persons , which is the subject of Book I of the Civil Code . It thus contains provisions on civil rights , acts of civil status, the marriage , the divorce , the sonship, the parental authority , the minority and the majority .

Civil law governs also the art assets and changes in the property , which are the subject of Book II of the Civil Code . 

SUCCESSION LAW

The Book III of the Civil Code sets out the rules for the acquisition of property

Civil law thus provides for the rules concerning inheritance and  donations . It also provides the rules concerning the obligations that arise either from the will of the parties ( contracts or contractual obligations ) or without agreement ( quasi-contracts , misdemeanors and quasi-delicts ) or by exchange of consents ( marriage contract and matrimonial regimes ). .

It sets the rules for special so-called named contracts . These are contracts which transfer the ownership of things ( sale or exchange , which allow the disposition of things ( loan , deposit and escrow ), contracts concerning services ( company contract ) or concerning disputes ( transactions and compromises ). 

It provides for the rules concerning contracts for the creation of collective assets ( companies and joint ownership ).

It also contains provisions concerning security interests ( pledge , privileges and mortgages ), expropriation , prescription and possession .

 

The  Book IV of the Civil Code. provides for the rules concerning collateral . Securities are a fundamental element of credit .

The importance of civil law has been affected by interventionism while liberalization increases its role. If the field and the philosophy of the civil code have been thwarted by the development of categorical rules ( labor law or consumer law for example) the fact remains that civil law rules continue to constitute the basis of the law.

Thus, for example, labor law is based on the balance between the civil law concepts of the contract, and in particular article 1134 of the Civil Code, and the institutional needs of a power of direction and management of the company. employer , that the law of unfair competition is founded in French law on the fault of article 1382 of the Civil Code that the protection of the developments of the spirit is made on the basis of these same rules in addition to the patent law or of brands .

The security , whether of safety or of the consumer or privacy whether at home or at work, are well protected by the application of civil law principles.

In societies majority abuse is based on fault liability, as in corporate difficulties liability for improper support.