VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER
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1 Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer Concluded in Vienna on March 22, 1985 (Status June 7, 2005) Preamble The Parties to this Convention, Aware of the negative impact that could have on human health and the environment any modification of the ozone layer, Recalling the relevant provisions of the Declaration of the Conference of Nations United Nations on the Environment, and in particular Principle 21, where it is stipulated that, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations2 and the principles of international law, “States have the sovereign right to exploit their own resources according to their policy environment and that they have a duty to ensure that the activities carried out within the limits of their jurisdiction or under their control do not cause damage to the environment in other states or in areas not covered by no national jurisdiction ‘, Taking into account the particular situation and needs of developing countries, Bearing in mind the work and studies in progress within organizations international as well as national and, in particular, the Global Plan of Action for United Nations Environment Program ozone layer, Also bearing in mind the precautionary measures already taken at the national level and international for the protection of the ozone layer, Aware that the adoption of measures to protect the ozone layer from changes attributable to human activities can only be done in the context international cooperation and action, and should be evidence-based relevant scientific and technical, Also aware of the need for further research and observations systematic in order to develop scientific knowledge on the ozone layer and the harmful effects that its disturbance could cause, Determined to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects resulting from changes in the ozone layer, Have agreed as follows: RO 1988 1752; FF 1987 I 721 1 Art. 1 al. 1 of the AF of September 30, 1987 (RO 1988 1751) 2 RS 0.120 0.814.02 Original text Protection of ecological balance 2 0.814.02 Art. 1 Definitions For the purposes of this Convention: 1. The term “ozone layer” means the atmospheric ozone layer present above the planet’s boundary layer. 2. By “adverse effects” we mean changes to the environment. physical or biota, including climate change, which exert significant harmful effects on human health or on the composition, the resistance and productivity of natural or managed ecosystems, or on materials useful to humanity. 3. By “replacement technology or equipment” is meant a technology or a material the use of which makes it possible to reduce or practically exclude emissions of substances having or likely to have harmful effects on the ozone layer. 4. The term “replacement substances” means substances which reduce, eliminate or avoid harmful effects on the ozone layer. 5. The term “Parties” means the Parties to this Convention, unless the text does not impose another interpretation. 6. By “regional economic integration organization” is meant a organization formed by sovereign States of a given region which has competence in areas governed by the Convention or its protocols and has been duly authorized, in accordance with its internal procedures, to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Convention or its protocols. 7. “Protocols” means protocols to this Convention. Art. 2 General obligations 1. The Parties shall take appropriate measures in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and the protocols in force to which they are parties for protect human health and the environment from adverse effects resulting from or likely to result from human activities which modify or are likely to change the ozone layer. 2. To this end, the Parties, according to the means at their disposal and according to their possibilities: a) Cooperate, through systematic observations, research and exchange of information in order to better understand and appreciate the effects human activities on the ozone layer and the effects on the human health and the environment through modification of the ozone layer; b) Adopt appropriate legislative or administrative measures and cooperate to harmonize the appropriate policies aimed at regulating, limiting, reduce or prevent human activities under their jurisdiction or their control if it turns out that these activities have or are likely to have adverse effects as a result of the modification, or modification likely to occur, the ozone layer; Ozone layer protection 3 0.814.02 c) Cooperate in formulating agreed measures, procedures and standards for the application of this Convention with a view to adopting protocols and annexes; d) Cooperate with the competent international bodies to apply effectively this Convention and the protocols to which they are parts. 3. The provisions of this Convention have no effect on the law of the Parties. adopt, in accordance with international law, more rigorous domestic measures than those referred to in by. 1 and 2 above and likewise have no effect on the measurements internal measures already taken by a Party, provided that these measures are not incompatible with the obligations of the said Parties under this Convention. 4. The application of this article is based on scientific considerations and relevant techniques. Art. 3 Research and systematic observations 1. The Parties undertake, as appropriate, to undertake research and scientific evaluations or to cooperate in carrying out research and evaluations scientists, directly or through international bodies competent in: a) The physical and chemical processes that can influence the layer ozone; b) The effects on human health and other biological effects of any changes in the ozone layer, especially those resulting from changes ultraviolet radiation of solar origin having a biological action (UV-B); (c) The impact on the climate of any change in the ozone layer; d) The effects of any modification of the ozone layer and modifications UV-B radiation which results from it on natural and synthetic materials useful to humanity; e) Substances, practices, processes and activities that may influence the ozone layer, and their cumulative effects; (f) Alternative substances and technologies; (g) Related socio-economic problems; and as specified in Annexes I and II. 2. The Parties undertake to promote or establish, as appropriate, directly or through competent international bodies and taking full account of their national legislation and relevant activities both at national and international levels, joint or complementary programs for systematic observations of the state of the ozone layer and other relevant parameters, in accordance with the provisions of Annex I. Protection of ecological balance 4 0.814.02 3. The Parties undertake to cooperate, directly or through bodies competent international authorities, to ensure the collection, validation and transmission data obtained by research and data observed, through appropriate global data centers on a regular basis and without undue delay. Art. 4 Cooperation in the legal, scientific and technical fields 1. The Parties shall facilitate and encourage the exchange of scientific information, appropriate technical, socio-economic, commercial and legal purposes for the purposes of this Convention and as specified in Annex II. This information is provided to bodies approved by the Parties. Any body that receives information considered confidential by the Party providing them, ensure that they do not are not disclosed and aggregate them in order to protect their confidentiality before to make them available to all Parties. 2. The Parties shall cooperate, in accordance with their laws, regulations and practices. national, and taking into account, in particular, the needs of developing countries, to promote, directly or through international bodies skills, the development and transfer of technology and knowledge. Cooperation will be carried out in particular by the following means: (a) Facilitate the acquisition of alternative technologies by other Parties; b) Provide information on alternative technologies and equipment and special manuals or guides about them; c) Provide research and observation equipment and facilities systematic necessary; d) Ensure the appropriate training of scientific and technical personnel. Art. 5 Disclosure of information The Parties transmit to the Conference of the Parties established by art. 6, by through the secretariat, information on the measures they have taken adopted in application of this Convention and the protocols to which they are parties, the form and frequency of such reports being determined by the meetings Parties to the relevant instruments. Art. 6 Conference of the Parties 1. This article establishes a Conference of the Parties. The first meeting of the Conference of the Parties will be convened by the provisionally appointed secretariat, in accordance with art. 7, at the latest one year after the entry into force of this Convention. Subsequently, ordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties will have held regularly, at the frequency determined by the Conference at its first meeting. Ozone layer protection 5 0.814.02 2. Extraordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties may be held at any other time if the Conference deems it necessary, or at the written request of a Party, provided that this request is supported by at least one third of the Parties within six months of its communication to the said Parties by the secretariat. 3. The Conference of the Parties shall establish and adopt by consensus its own rules. internal rules and its own financial regulations, internal regulations and regulations financial resources of any subsidiary body it may create and the provisions which will govern the functioning of the secretariat. 4. The Conference of the Parties shall continuously review the implementation of this Convention and, in addition: a) Establish the form and frequency of the communication of information to be presented in accordance with art. 5 and review this information as well as reports presented by any subsidiary body; b) Study scientific information on the state of the ozone layer, its possible modification and the possible effects of this modification; c) Promotes, in accordance with art. 2, harmonization of policies, strategies and appropriate measures to minimize releases of substances which modify or are likely to modify the ozone layer, and makes recommendations on all other measures related to this Convention; d) Adopts, in accordance with art. 3 and 4, research programs, systematic observations, scientific and technical cooperation, exchange of information and transfer of technology and knowledge; e) Consider and adopt, as appropriate, amendments to this Convention and its annexes, in accordance with art. 9 and 10; f) Consider amendments to any protocol and annexes to any protocol and, if so decided, recommend their adoption to the parties to the protocol relevant; (g) Consider and adopt, as appropriate, additional annexes to the this Convention in accordance with art. 10; h) Consider and adopt, as appropriate, protocols in accordance with art. 8; i) Establish subsidiary bodies deemed necessary for the implementation of this Convention; j) Ensure, as appropriate, the services of international organizations and competent scientific committees and, in particular, those of the Organization meteorological, from the World Health Organization, as well as of the Coordinating Committee for the Ozone Layer, for research scientific, systematic observations and other compliant activities the objectives of this Convention; she also uses, depending on whether agrees, the information from these bodies and committees; Protection of ecological balance 6 0.814.02 k) Examine and take any other action necessary for the pursuit of the objectives of this Convention. 5. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Agency atomic energy, as well as any State which is not a party to this Convention, may be represented at meetings of the Conference of Parties by observers. Any national or international body or body, governmental or non-governmental qualified in fields related to protection of the ozone layer, which informed the secretariat of its desire to be represented at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties as an observer may be admitted to take part unless at least one third of the Parties present do objection. The admission and participation of observers are subject to the compliance with the rules of procedure adopted by the Conference of the Parties. Art. 7 The secretariat 1. The functions of the secretariat are as follows: a) Organize the meetings of the Parties in accordance with art. 6, 8, 9 and 10 and in provide service; b) Prepare and transmit a report based on the information received in accordance with art. 4 and 5 as well as the information obtained from the occasion of the meetings of the subsidiary bodies established under art. 6; c) Perform the functions assigned to it under any protocol to this agreement; d) To prepare reports on the activities carried out in the exercise of the functions assigned to it under this Convention and present them to the Conference of the Parties; e) Ensure the necessary coordination with other international organizations competent authorities, and in particular to conclude the administrative arrangements and contractual that may be necessary for him to discharge effectively of its functions; f) Perform such other functions as the Conference of the Parties may decide to assign it. 2. The functions of the secretariat will be carried out provisionally by the Program of United Nations Environment until the end of the first regular meeting of the Conference of the Parties held in accordance with art. 6. At its first meeting ordinary, the Conference of the Parties shall designate the secretariat from among the organizations competent international organizations who would have volunteered to perform the functions of secretariat provided for in this Convention. Ozone layer protection 7 0.814.02 Art. 8 Adoption of protocols 1. The Conference of the Parties may, at a meeting, adopt protocols to the this Convention, in accordance with art. 2. 2. The text of any proposed protocol shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Parties. at least six months before said meeting. Art. 9 Amendments to the Convention or protocols 1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Convention or to any any of the protocols. These amendments take due account, inter alia, of relevant scientific and technical considerations. 2. Amendments to this Convention shall be adopted at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties. Amendments to a protocol are adopted at a meeting of the Parties to the protocol in question. The text of any proposed amendment to this Convention or any of the Protocols, except as otherwise provided in the protocol considered, is communicated by the secretariat to the Parties at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat communicates also the amendments proposed to the signatories of this Convention for information. 3. The Parties shall spare no effort to achieve, with regard to any proposed amendment to this Convention, to agreement by consensus. If all efforts to reach consensus have been exhausted and if agreement has not been reached, the amendment is adopted as a last resort by a three-quarters majority vote of the Parties present at the meeting and having cast their votes, and submitted by the depositary to all Parties for ratification, approval or acceptance. 4. The procedure exposed in the by. 3 above is applicable to amendments to any protocol to the Convention, except that a two-thirds majority of the parties to the protocol considered present at the meeting and having cast their vote is sufficient to their adoption. 5. Ratification, approval or acceptance of amendments is notified by written to the custodian. The amendments adopted in accordance with by. 3 or 4 above come into force between the parties having accepted them on the ninetieth day after the depositary receives notification of their ratification, approval or acceptance by at least three quarters of the parties hereto Convention or by at least two-thirds of the parties to the protocol in question, except contrary provision of the protocol in question. Subsequently, the amendments enter in force with respect to any other Party on the ninetieth day after filing by that Party of its instrument of ratification, approval or acceptance amendments. 6. For the purposes of this article, the expression “Parties present at the meeting and having expressed their vote ”means the Parties present at the meeting which have cast a vote affirmative or negative. Protection of ecological balance 8 0.814.02 Art. 10 Adoption of the annexes and amendment of these annexes 1. The Annexes to this Convention or to any of the Protocols make an integral part of the Convention or of said protocol, as the case may be, and, unless otherwise provided to the contrary, any reference to this Convention or to the protocols is also a reference to the annexes to these instruments. The said annexes are limited scientific, technical and administrative matters. 2. Unless otherwise provided in any protocol concerning its own annexes, the proposal, adoption and entry into force of additional annexes to this Convention or annexes to a protocol are governed by the following procedure: a) The annexes to this Convention are proposed and adopted in accordance with procedure described in par. 2 and 3 of art. 9; the annexes to any protocol are proposed and adopted according to the procedure described in paras. 2 and 4 of art. 9; b) Any party that is unable to approve an additional annex to this Convention or an annex to any of the protocols to which it is a party gives written notification to the depositary within six months following the date of communication of the adoption by the depositary. The latter immediately informs all parties of any notification received. A party may at any time accept an annex to which it had previously declared to object, and this annex then enters into force with respect to this part; c) At the end of a period of six months from the date of dispatch of the communication by the depositary, the annex takes effect with respect to all Parties to this Convention or to the protocol concerned which have not subject to notification in accordance with para. b) above. 3. The proposal, adoption and entry into force of amendments to the annexes to the this Convention or any of the protocols are subject to the same procedure that the proposal, adoption and entry into force of the annexes to the Convention or any of the Protocols. Appendices and amendments y relating to take due account, inter alia, of scientific considerations and relevant techniques. 4. If an additional annex or an amendment to an annex involves a amendment to the Convention or to a protocol, the additional annex or the amended Annex does not enter into force until such amendment to the Convention or the protocol considered itself comes into force. Art. 11 Dispute resolution 1. In the event of a dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the this Convention, the parties concerned shall seek a solution by way of negotiation. 2. If the parties concerned cannot reach an agreement through negotiation, they can jointly appeal to the good offices of a third party or ask for mediation. Ozone layer protection 9 0.814.02 3. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Convention, any State or regional economic integration organization may declare in writing to the Depositary that, in the case of disputes which have not been settled in accordance with the by. 1 or 2 above, he agrees to consider as mandatory one or the other or the two payment methods below: a) Arbitration, in accordance with the procedure to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties at its first ordinary session; b) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice. 4. If the Parties do not, in accordance with by. 3 above, accepted the same procedure or proceedings, the dispute is submitted to conciliation in accordance with the by. 5 below, unless the Parties agree otherwise. 5. A conciliation commission is created at the request of one of the parties to the dispute. The commission is made up of a number of members appointed separately equal by each of the parties concerned, the chairman being chosen by mutual agreement by the members so designated. The commission renders an award which is without appeal, has the value of a recommendation and the Parties examine it in good faith. 6. The provisions, which are the subject of this article, apply to any protocol, except for contrary to the protocol in question. Art. 12 Signature This Convention is open for signature by States and organizations regional economic integration at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Austria, in Vienna, from March 22, 1985 to September 21, 1985 and United Nations Headquarters, New York, from September 22, 1985 to March 21, 1986. Art. 13 Ratification, acceptance or approval 1. This Convention and any protocol are subject to ratification, acceptance or the approval of States and economic integration organizations regional. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the depositary. 2. Any organization referred to in by. 1 above which becomes Party to this Convention or any protocol and to which no member State is itself a Party is bound by all the obligations set out in the Convention or in the protocol, as the case. When one or more Member States of one of these organizations are Parties to the relevant Convention or protocol, the organization and its member states agree on their respective responsibilities with regard to the execution their obligations under the Convention or the protocol, as the case may be. In such cases, the organization and the member states are not entitled to exercise simultaneously their rights under the relevant Convention or protocol. Protection of ecological balance 10 0.814.02 3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval, organizations referred to in by. 1 above indicate the extent of their competence in the areas governed by the Convention or the relevant protocol. These organizations also notify the depositary of any material change in the scope of their skills. Art. 14 Membership 1. This Convention and any protocol shall be open for accession by States and regional economic integration organizations from the date on which the Convention or protocol in question will no longer be open for signature. Instruments membership will be deposited with the depositary. 2. In their instruments of membership, the organizations referred to in by. 1 above indicate the extent of their competence in the fields governed by the Convention or by the protocol considered. They also notify the depositary of any modification important to the extent of their skills. 3. The provisions of by. 2 of art. 13 apply to integration organizations regional economic organizations which accede to this Convention or to any protocol. Art. 15 Right to vote 1. Each Party to the Convention or to any protocol has one vote. 2. Subject to the provisions of by. 1 above, integration organizations regional economy have, to exercise their right to vote in the fields which fall within their competence, with a number of votes equal to the number of their States members who are Parties to the relevant Convention or protocol. These organizations do not exercise their right to vote if their member states exercise theirs, and vice versa. Art. 16 Relationship between the Convention and its protocols 1. No State or regional economic integration organization may become party to a protocol without being or simultaneously becoming a party to the convention. 2. Decisions concerning any protocol are taken by the parties to the protocol only. considered. Art. 17 Entry into force 1. This Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or membership. 2. Unless the text of the protocol provides otherwise, any protocol shall enter in force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the eleventh instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of said protocol or accession said protocol. Ozone layer protection 11 0.814.02 3. With regard to each Party which ratifies, accepts or approves this present Convention, or accedes to it, after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention will enter into force on ninetieth day after the date of deposit by that Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 4. Any protocol, except as otherwise provided for in said protocol, shall enter into force for a Party which ratifies, accepts or approves or accedes to such protocol after its entry in force in accordance with par. 2 above the ninetieth day after the date of deposit by that Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or the date on which the Convention enters into force for the said Party, whichever of these dates will be the last. 5. For the purposes of by. 1 and 2 above, none of the instruments deposited by an organization regional economic integration referred to in art. 12 should not be considered as an instrument in addition to the instruments already deposited by States members of the said organization. Art. 18 Reservations No reservation may be made to this Convention. Art. 19 Denunciation 1. After the expiration of a period of four years from the date of entry into force of this Convention in respect of a Party, that Party may at any time when denouncing the Convention by written notification given to the depositary. 2. Unless otherwise provided in any of the Protocols, any Party may, at any time after the expiration of four years from the date entry into force of this protocol in its regard, denounce it by giving by writes a notification to this effect to the depositary. 3. Any denunciation shall take effect after the expiration of a period of one year following the date of its receipt by the depositary or any later date which may be specified in the notice of termination. 4. Any Party which has denounced this Convention shall be considered as having also denounced the protocols to which it is a party. Art. 20 Custodian 1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall assume the functions depositary of this Convention and of the protocols. 2. The depositary informs the Parties in particular: a) The signature of this Convention and any protocol, as well as the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or membership in accordance with art. 13 and 14; (b) The date of entry into force of the Convention and of any protocol in accordance with to art. 17; Protection of ecological balance 12 0.814.02 c) Notifications of denunciation made in accordance with art. 19; d) Amendments adopted with regard to the Convention and any protocol, of the acceptance of these amendments by the Parties and of their date entry into force in accordance with art. 9; e) All communications relating to the adoption or approval of annexes and their amendments in accordance with art. 10; f) Notification by regional economic integration organizations the extent of their skills in the areas governed by this Convention and by any protocol, and any modification thereto; g) The declarations provided for in art. 11. Art. 21 Authentic texts The original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, Spanish texts, French and Russian are equally authentic, will be deposited with the Secretary General of the United Nations. In witness whereof, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention. Done at Vienna on the twenty-second day of March in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-five. (Follow signatures) Ozone layer protection 13 0.814.02 Annex I Systematic research and observations 1. The Parties to the Convention recognize that the main scientific issues are: a) Changes in the ozone layer that would lead to a change in the intensity of ultraviolet radiation of solar origin having an action biological (UV-B) reaching the earth’s surface and the effects they could have on the health of populations, organisms, ecosystems and on materials useful to humanity; b) Changes in the vertical distribution of ozone that would change the thermal structure of the atmosphere and the meteorological consequences and climatic conditions they might have. 2. The Parties to the Convention, in accordance with art. 3, will cooperate by making research, making systematic observations and making recommendations regarding future research and observations in areas such as: a) Research in the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere i) Establishment of global theoretical models: further development point of interactive models of radioactive, chemical and dynamic processes; studies of the simultaneous effects of various chemicals artificial or natural on atmospheric ozone, interpretation series of measurements collected by satellite or otherwise; evaluation of trends in atmospheric and geophysical parameters and development of methods for attributing to causes clearly determined the variations of these parameters; ii) Laboratory studies on kinetic coefficients, cross sections absorption and the chemical and photochemical processes in the troposphere and stratosphere; the necessary spectroscopic data the measurements made for all useful regions of the spectrum; iii) Field measurements: concentrations and flows of essential source gases of both natural and anthropogenic origin; dynamics study of the atmosphere; simultaneous measurements of photochemically substances related, descending to the planetary boundary layer, at the means of in situ instruments and telemetry; comparison of various detectors; coordinated correlation measurements for instruments placed on board satellites; three-dimensional fields of constituents essential traces, spectral solar flux and meteorological parameters; iv) Production of instruments, in particular detectors on board satellites and others for measuring the trace constituents of the atmosphere, the flux solar and meteorological parameters. Protection of ecological balance 14 0.814.02 b) Research on health effects, biological effects and effects photodegradation i) Relationship between human exposure to visible solar radiation or ultraviolet and a) the appearance of skin cancers other than melanoma or malignant melanoma, and b) effects on the immune system; ii) Effects of UV-B radiation, including relation to length wave, on a) crops, forests and other terrestrial ecosystems and b) on the aquatic food system and on fisheries, including including with regard to the possible inhibition of the oxygen production from marine phytoplankton; iii) Mechanisms by which UV-B radiation acts on materials, species and biological ecosystems, including: relationship between dose, dose rate and response; photorepair, adaptation and protection; iv) Studies on biological action spectra and spectral response to using polychromatic radiation to determine interactions possible of different wavelength zones; v) Influence of UV-B radiation on: the sensitivity and activity of biological species important for the balance of the biosphere; process primaries such as photosynthesis and biosynthesis; vi) Influence of UV-B radiation on the photodegradation of pollutants, agricultural chemicals and other materials. c) Research on effects on the climate Theoretical studies and observational studies a) of the radiative effects of ozone and other bodies present in trace amounts and effects on the parameters climate, such as land and ocean surface temperatures, the precipitation regime and the exchanges between the troposphere and the stratosphere; and b) the effects of these climatic impacts on various aspects of human activities. d) Systematic observations i) The state of the ozone layer (i.e. spatial variability and time of the total content of the column and vertical distribution), in making fully operational the Global Observing System of the ozone layer based on the integration of satellite systems and ground systems; ii) Concentrations, in the troposphere and the stratosphere, of gases giving birth of HOx, NOx, and CIOx radicals, including derivatives carbon; iii) Temperature from the ground to the mesosphere, using at the both ground and satellite systems; iv) Solar flux – wavelengths – entering the Earth’s atmosphere and thermal radiation exiting the Earth’s atmosphere, in using satellite measurements; Ozone layer protection 15 0.814.02 v) Solar flux – wavelengths – reaching the surface of the Earth in the field of UV-B radiation; vi) The properties and distribution of aerosols, from the soil to the mesosphere using both ground and ground systems satellite; vii) The continuation of high-level meteorological measurement programs surface quality for important climate variables; viii) Improvement of the methods of analysis of the data provided by systematic observations at the global level on the bodies present at trace levels, temperatures, solar flux and aerosols. 3. The Parties to the Convention shall cooperate, taking into account the special needs developing countries, to promote scientific and technical training appropriate necessary to participate in systematic research and observations described in this annex. Particular emphasis should be placed on the comparative calibration of observation devices and methods in order to obtain comparable or standardized scientific data sets. 4. The following chemicals of natural or anthropogenic origin, including list does not imply a particular ranking, seem to have the power to modify the chemical and physical properties of the ozone layer. a) Carbon derivatives i) Carbon monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide is produced in large quantities by sources natural and artificial and seems to play an important role, directly, in the photochemistry of the troposphere, indirectly, in the photochemistry of the stratosphere; ii) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon dioxide is produced in large quantities by sources natural and artificial and acts on the ozone of the stratosphere by modifying the thermal structure of the atmosphere; iii) Methane (CH4) Methane is of both natural and anthropogenic origin and influences on ozone in both the troposphere and the stratosphere; iv) Hydrocarbons other than methane These hydrocarbons, which include a large number of substances chemicals, have both natural and anthropogenic origins and play a role, directly, in the photochemistry of the troposphere, indirectly in the photochemistry of the stratosphere. b) Nitrogen derivatives i) Nitrous oxide (N2O) The main source of N2O is natural, but man-made emissions become more and more important. This protoxide is the source primary stratospheric NOx, which play a major role in limiting the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere; Protection of ecological balance 16 0.814.02 ii) Nitrogen peroxides (NOx) Ground sources of NOx do not play an essential role, directly, than in photochemical processes within the troposphere, and, indirectly, in stratospheric photochemical processes, then that NOx injections near the tropopause can modify directly the amount of ozone in the troposphere and the stratosphere. c) Chlorine derivatives i) Fully halogenated alkanes eg CCl4, CFCl3 (CFC – 11), CF2Cl2 (CFC – 12), C2F3Cl3 (CFC – 113), C2F4Cl2 (CFC – 114) Fully halogenated alkanes are of anthropogenic origin and are a source of ClOx, which play a major role in the ozone photochemistry, particularly between 30 and 50 km altitude; ii) Partially halogenated alkanes for example CH3Cl, CHF2Cl (CFC – 22) CH3CCl3, CHFCl2 (CFC – 21) The source of CH3Cl is natural, while the other alkanes partially halogens mentioned above are of anthropogenic origin. These gases are also a source of stratospheric ClOx. d) Bromine derivatives Fully halogenated alkanes for example CF3Br These gases are of anthropogenic origin and constitute a source of BrOx, which behaves in the same way as the ClOx. e) Hydrogenated substances i) Hydrogen (H2) Hydrogen is of natural and anthropogenic origin; he plays a secondary role in the photochemistry of the stratosphere; ii) Water (H2O) Water, which is of natural origin, plays an essential role in the photochemistry of the troposphere and the stratosphere. Among the causes localities of the presence of water vapor in the stratosphere are shown oxidation of methane and, to a lesser extent, that of hydrogen. Ozone layer protection 17 0.814.02 Annex II Exchange of information 1. The Parties to the Convention recognize that the collection and sharing information is an important means of achieving the objectives of this Convention and ensure that any measures that may be taken are appropriate and fair. Accordingly, the Parties will exchange scientific information, technical, socio-economic, commercial and legal. 2. In deciding what information is to be collected and shared, the Parties to the Convention should take into account the usefulness of this information and the expenses to be incurred to obtain them. The Parties further recognize that the cooperation under this Annex shall be compatible with the laws, customs and national regulations on patents, trade secrets and protection confidential information and relating to exclusive rights. 3. Scientific information This information includes: a) Public and private research, planned and underway, with a view to facilitating the coordination of research programs in order to get the best possible use of available national and international resources; (b) Emissions data which are necessary for research; c) The scientific results published in specialized periodicals on the physics and chemistry of the earth’s atmosphere and its sensitivity changes, and in particular the state of the ozone layer and the effects of modifying both the total content of the column ozone than the vertical distribution of ozone, regardless of the time scale, on the health of human populations, the environment and the climate; d) Evaluation of research results and recommendations on the work future research. 4. Technical information This information relates in particular to: a) The existence and cost of chemical substitutes and technologies alternatives that can be used to reduce emissions of substances that lead to changes in the ozone layer and research related undertaken or contemplated; b) The limitations and possibly the risks involved in the use of chemical or other substitutes and alternative technologies. Protection of ecological balance 18 0.814.02 5. Socio-economic and commercial information on the substances referred to in Annex I This information relates in particular to: a) Production and production capacity; b) Use and modes of use; c) Imports and exports; d) The costs, risks and benefits of human activities likely to modify indirectly the ozone layer and the impact of regulatory measures taken or envisaged to control these activities. 6. Legal information This information relates in particular to: a) National laws, administrative measures and research work legal issues relating to the protection of the ozone layer; b) International agreements, and in particular bilateral agreements, of interest protection of the ozone layer; c) Methods and conditions of licensing agreements and patents existing regulations concerning the protection of the ozone layer. Ozone layer protection 19 0.814.02 Scope of application on May 12, 2005 States Parties Ratification Membership (A) Coming into force Afghanistan June 17, 2004 To September 15, 2004 South Africa January 15, 1990 To April 15, 1990 Albania October 8, 1999 To January 6, 2000 Algeria October 20, 1992 To January 18, 1993 Germany September 30, 1988 December 29, 1988 Angola May 17, 2000 To August 15, 2000 Antigua and Barbuda December 3, 1992 To March 3, 1993 Saudi Arabia March 1, 1993 To May 30, 1993 Argentina January 18, 1990 April 18, 1990 Armenia October 1, 1999 To December 30, 1999 Australia September 16, 1987 To September 22, 1988 Austria August 19, 1987 September 22, 1988 Azerbaijan June 12, 1996 To September 10, 1996 Bahamas April 1, 1993 To June 30, 1993 Bahrein April 27, 1990 To July 26, 1990 Bangladesh August 2, 1990 To October 31, 1990 Barbados October 16, 1992 To January 14, 1993 Belarus June 20, 1986 September 22, 1988 Belgium October 17, 1988 January 15, 1989 Belize June 6, 1997 To September 4, 1997 Benin July 1, 1993 To September 29, 1993 Bhutan August 23, 2004 To November 21, 2004 Bolivia October 3, 1994 To January 1, 1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina September 1, 1993 S March 6, 1992 Botswana December 4, 1991 To March 3, 1992 Brazil March 19, 1990 To June 17, 1990 Brunei July 26, 1990 To October 24, 1990 Bulgaria November 20, 1990 To February 18, 1991 Burkina Faso March 30, 1989 June 28, 1989 Burundi January 6, 1997 To April 6, 1997 Cambodia June 27, 2001 To September 25, 2001 Cameroon August 30, 1989 To November 28, 1989 Canada June 4, 1986 September 22, 1988 Cape Verde July 31, 2001 To October 29, 2001 Chile March 6, 1990 June 4, 1990 China September 11, 1989 To December 10, 1989 Hong Konga June 6, 1997 July 1, 1997 Macaob October 19, 1999 December 20, 1999 Cyprus May 28, 1992 To August 26, 1992 Colombia July 16, 1990 To October 14, 1990 Economic community CE / EEC / EU * October 17, 1988 January 15, 1989 Comoros October 31, 1994 To January 29, 1995 Protection of ecological balance 20 0.814.02 States Parties Ratification Membership (A) Coming into force Congo (Brazzaville) November 16, 1994 To February 14, 1995 Congo (Kinshasa) November 30, 1994 To February 28, 1995 Korea (North) January 24, 1995 To April 24, 1995 Korea (South) February 27, 1992 To May 27, 1992 Costa Rica July 30, 1991 To October 28, 1991 Côte d’Ivoire April 5, 1993 To July 4, 1993 Croatia September 21, 1992 S October 8, 1991 Cuba July 14, 1992 To October 12, 1992 Denmark September 29, 1988 December 28, 1988 Djibouti July 30, 1999 To October 28, 1999 Dominica March 31, 1993 To June 29, 1993 Egypt May 9, 1988 September 22, 1988 El Salvador October 2, 1992 To December 31, 1992 United Arab Emirates December 22, 1989 To March 22, 1990 Ecuador April 10, 1990 To July 9, 1990 Eritrea March 10, 2005 To June 8, 2005 Spain July 25, 1988 To October 23, 1988 Estonia October 17, 1996 To January 15, 1997 United States August 27, 1986 September 22, 1988 Ethiopia October 11, 1994 To January 9, 1995 Fiji October 23, 1989 To January 21, 1990 Finland * September 26, 1986 September 22, 1988 France December 4, 1987 September 22, 1988 Gabon February 9, 1994 To May 10, 1994 Gambia July 25, 1990 To October 23, 1990 Georgia March 21, 1996 To June 19, 1996 Ghana July 24, 1989 To October 22, 1989 Greece December 29, 1988 March 29, 1989 Grenada March 31, 1993 To June 29, 1993 Guatemala September 11, 1987 To September 22, 1988 Guinea June 25, 1992 To September 23, 1992 Equatorial Guinea August 17, 1988 To November 15, 1988 Guinea-Bissau November 12, 2002 To February 10, 2003 Guyana August 12, 1993 To November 10, 1993 Haiti March 29, 2000 To June 27, 2000 Honduras October 14, 1993 To January 12, 1994 Hungary May 4, 1988 To September 22, 1988 Cook Islands December 22, 2003 To March 21, 2004 Marshall Islands March 11, 1993 To June 9, 1993 Solomon Islands June 17, 1993 To September 15, 1993 India March 18, 1991 To June 16, 1991 Indonesia June 26, 1992 To September 24, 1992 Iran October 3, 1990 To January 1, 1991 Ireland September 15, 1988 To December 14, 1988 Iceland August 29, 1989 To November 27, 1989 Ozone layer protection 21 0.814.02 States Parties Ratification Membership (A) Coming into force Israel June 30, 1992 To September 28, 1992 Italy September 19, 1988 December 18, 1988 Jamaica March 31, 1993 To June 29, 1993 Japan September 30, 1988 To December 29, 1988 Jordan May 31, 1989 To August 29, 1989 Kazakhstan August 26, 1998 To November 24, 1998 Kenya November 9, 1988 To February 7, 1989 Kyrgyzstan May 31, 2000 To August 29, 2000 Kiribati January 7, 1993 To April 7, 1993 Kuwait November 23, 1992 To February 21, 1993 Laos August 21, 1998 To November 19, 1998 Lesotho March 25, 1994 To June 23, 1994 Latvia April 28, 1995 To July 27, 1995 Lebanon March 30, 1993 To June 28, 1993 Liberia January 15, 1996 To April 14, 1996 Libya July 11, 1990 To October 9, 1990 Liechtenstein February 8, 1989 To May 9, 1989 Lithuania January 18, 1995 To April 18, 1995 Luxembourg October 17, 1988 January 15, 1989 Macedonia March 10, 1994 S September 17, 1991 Madagascar November 7, 1996 To February 5, 1997 Malaysia August 29, 1989 To November 27, 1989 Malawi January 9, 1991 To April 9, 1991 Maldives April 26, 1988 To September 22, 1988 Mali October 28, 1994 To January 26, 1995 Malta September 15, 1988 To December 14, 1988 Morocco December 28, 1995 March 27, 1996 Mauritius August 18, 1992 To November 16, 1992 Mauritania May 26, 1994 To August 24, 1994 Mexico September 14, 1987 September 22, 1988 Micronesia August 3, 1994 To November 1, 1994 Moldova October 24, 1996 To January 22, 1997 Monaco March 12, 1993 To June 10, 1993 Mongolia March 7, 1996 To June 5, 1996 Mozambique September 9, 1994 To December 8, 1994 Myanmar November 24, 1993 To February 22, 1994 Namibia September 20, 1993 To December 19, 1993 Nauru November 12, 2001 To February 10, 2002 Nepal July 6, 1994 To October 4, 1994 Nicaragua March 5, 1993 To June 3, 1993 Niger October 9, 1992 To January 7, 1993 Nigeria October 31, 1988 To January 29, 1989 Niue December 22, 2003 To March 21, 2004 Norway * September 23, 1986 September 22, 1988 New Zealandec June 2, 1987 September 22, 1988 Protection of ecological balance 22 0.814.02 States Parties Ratification Membership (A) Coming into force Oman June 30, 1999 To September 28, 1999 Uganda June 24, 1988 To September 22, 1988 Uzbekistan May 18, 1993 To August 16, 1993 Pakistan December 18, 1992 To March 18, 1993 Palau May 29, 2001 To August 27, 2001 Panama February 13, 1989 To May 14, 1989 Papua New Guinea October 27, 1992 To January 25, 1993 Paraguay December 3, 1992 To March 3, 1993 Netherlands * September 28, 1988 December 27, 1988 Netherlands Antilles September 28, 1988 December 27, 1988 Aruba September 28, 1988 December 27, 1988 Peru April 7, 1989 July 6, 1989 Philippines July 17, 1991 October 15, 1991 Poland July 13, 1990 To October 11, 1990 Portugal October 17, 1988 To January 15, 1989 Qatar January 22, 1996 To April 21, 1996 Central African Republic March 29, 1993 To June 27, 1993 Dominican Republic May 18, 1993 To August 16, 1993 Czech Republic September 30, 1993 S January 1, 1993 Romania January 27, 1993 To April 27, 1993 United Kingdom Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Anguilla, Bermuda, Gibraltar, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands and outbuildings, Isle of Man, Pitcairn Islands (Henderson, Ducie and Oeno), Turks and Caicos Islands, British Virgin Islands, Jersey, Montserrat, Saint Helena and dependencies, Antarctic Territory British Territory British Ocean Indian, May 15 May 15 1987 1987 September 22 September 22 1988 1988 Guernsey August 30, 1990 August 30, 1990 Russia June 18, 1986 September 22, 1988 Rwanda October 11, 2001 To January 9, 2002 Saint Kitts and Nevis August 10, 1992 To November 8, 1992 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines December 2, 1996 To March 2, 1997 Saint Lucia July 28, 1993 To October 26, 1993 Samoa December 21, 1992 To March 21, 1993 Sao Tome and Principe November 19, 2001 To February 17, 2002 Senegal March 19, 1993 To June 17, 1993 Serbia and Montenegro March 12, 2001 S April 27, 1992 Ozone layer protection 23 0.814.02 States Parties Ratification Membership (A) Coming into force Seychelles January 6, 1993 To April 6, 1993 Sierra Leone August 29, 2001 To November 27, 2001 Singapore January 5, 1989 To April 5, 1989 Slovakia May 28, 1993 S January 1, 1993 Slovenia July 6, 1992 S June 25, 1991 Somalia August 1, 2001 To October 30, 2001 Sudan January 29, 1993 To April 29, 1993 Sri Lanka December 15, 1989 To March 15, 1990 Sweden * November 26, 1986 September 22, 1988 Switzerland December 17, 1987 September 22, 1988 Suriname October 14, 1997 To January 12, 1998 Swaziland November 10, 1992 To February 8, 1993 Syria December 12, 1989 To March 12, 1990 Tajikistan May 6, 1996 To August 4, 1996 Tanzania April 7, 1993 To July 6, 1993 Chad May 18, 1989 To August 16, 1989 Thailand July 7, 1989 To October 5, 1989 Togo February 25, 1991 To May 26, 1991 Tonga July 29, 1998 To October 27, 1998 Trinidad and Tobago August 28, 1989 To November 26, 1989 Tunisia September 25, 1989 To December 24, 1989 Turkmenistan November 18, 1993 To February 16, 1994 Turkey September 20, 1991 To December 19, 1991 Tuvalu July 15, 1993 To October 13, 1993 Ukraine June 18, 1986 September 22, 1988 Uruguay February 27, 1989 To May 28, 1989 Vanuatu November 21, 1994 To February 19, 1995 Venezuela September 1, 1988 To November 30, 1988 Vietnam January 26, 1994 To April 26, 1994 Yemen February 21, 1996 To May 21, 1996 Zambia January 24, 1990 To April 24, 1990 Zimbabwe November 3, 1992 To February 1, 1993 * Statements, see below. a From May 15, 1987 to June 30, 1997, the Convention was applicable in Hong Kong on the basis a declaration of territorial extension of the United Kingdom. From July 1, 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the Republic People of China. By virtue of the Chinese declaration of 6 June 1997, the Convention is also applicable to Hong Kong SAR from July 1, 1997. b From 15 Feb. 1994 to 19 Dec. 1999, the Convention was applicable to Macao on the basis a declaration of territorial extension of Portugal. From 20 Dec. 1999, Macau became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China. By virtue of the Chinese declaration of 19 Oct. 1999, the Convention is also applicable to Macao SAR from 20 Dec. 1999. c On the date of the accession of Niue and the Cook Islands to the Convention, the declaration New Zealand’s territorial jurisdiction has lapsed. Protection of ecological balance 24 0.814.02 Statements Finland With reference to art. 11, s. 3, of the Convention, Finland declares that it accepts as compulsory the two modes of dispute settlement that have been provided for. Norway Norway agrees to consider as compulsory the methods of settlement of disputes described in paras. a) and b) of s. 3 of art. 11 of the convention: a) arbitration in accordance with the procedure to be adopted by the Conference Parties at its first ordinary session or b) submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice. Netherlands In accordance with art. 11, s. 3, of the Convention, the Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts to consider as mandatory for the settlement of an unresolved dispute in accordance with art. 11, s. 1 or by. 2, of the convention the two methods of payment of the following disputes: a) arbitration in accordance with the procedure to be adopted by the Conference Parties at its first ordinary session; b) submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice. Sweden Sweden agrees to consider the following payment method as compulsory: Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice (art. 11, para. 3 b). However, the Swedish Government intends to consider as the following payment method is compulsory: Arbitration, in accordance with the procedure to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties, at its first ordinary session (art. 11, para. 3 a). However, Sweden will wait to make a statement on this last point until the arbitration procedure has been adopted by the Conference of the Parties at its first ordinary session. European Economic Community 1. On behalf of the European Economic Community, it is hereby declared that the said Community can accept arbitration as a method of settlement under the conditions of the Vienna Convention for the protection of the diaper ozone. It cannot accept the submission of any dispute to the International Court of justice. Ozone layer protection 25 0.814.02 2. Taking into account the usual procedures of the European Community, the participation Community financial support to the Vienna Convention for the ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the ozone layer may not entail expenditure for the Community other than than those relating to administrative costs, these expenses may not exceed 2.5 percent of total administrative costs. Protection of ecological balance 26 0.814.02 |
